For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. MIL-PRF-907F; Service. NIKAL contains no graphite, which is a benefit on stainless steel applications when temperatures exceed 550°F, as graphite can carburize the steel causing the steel to become much more susceptible to intergranular corrosion. Stainless steel 430 - 1. Stainless steel 304 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service up to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. The deduction is 1. 64 x 19. The making of steel involves many processes and stages. However, steel-containing structures decay due to corrosion, destroying. Calculation of spring force at a given length is travel s * R. Now to use this table for a sheet metal part, all you need to do is to right-click on Sheet-Metal feature in the design tree and edit the feature. Nominal K-Factor: 8. where . 1 For K-Factor when pressure is measured in bar, multiply S. k = roughness of duct, pipe or tube surface (m, ft) There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. Look up the steel's density. It determines how much the material will stretch when it is bent. need some help on a place to start with the bend allowance calcs. d = 0. Useful Tables 1033 Table A–16 Approximate Stress-Concentration Factor Kt for Bending of a Round Bar or Tube with a Transverse Round Hole Source: R. e. 1) K 8. Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. The below Microsoft Excel chart is for even numbered gauges 8 through 24 and has a default K-Factor of . Note that the pipe is cooled, so the temperature difference has a negative sign: T₂ − T₁ = -85 °C = -85 K. Stainless steel is the term used to describe a versatile family of engineering materials, which are selected primarily for their corrosion and heat resistant properties. The below Excel chart is for even-numbered material gauges 8 through 22 and has a default K-Factor of . 20: 15 - Grey cast. Concrete (Wet) Rubber. Can someone explain how to properly setup and use a k-factor based bend table. Fill in the. Monel is typically much more expensive than stainless steel. 8 (242 metric*) nominal K-Factor and special deflector, this sprinkler produces large, high-momentum water droplets in a hemispheric pattern below the deflector. Grade 302 stainless steel spring wire (specified in ASTM A313) has high heat resistance and good corrosion resistance, and has excellent spring. 6)We are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them. The K-factor for a 90-degree bend is always: K = tan (90/2). The calculations referenced in Paragraph 304. Land Width: 0. 93 g/cm3 (0. itic stainless steel that is molybdenum alloyed for enhanced corrosion resistance in chloride environments. 5; H32 aluminum is 3. It contains at least 10. BD = (2 x OSSB) – BA. 5. On unlubricated connections, I use k=0. 8 billion tons produced per year. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. Modeling up my first stainless steel parts, as I usually only use mild steel. . Select an item in Type to set the bend allowance, bend deduction, or k-factor. 16: Miscellaneous Data: Applied Load: Tensile: lb?Nominal K-factor: 25. 2. 4 mm. Step 1: Choose Meter Type. K-Factor. View Specs. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) T = K×F×D. 5 = 6. 4. The higher the K factor, the more the support conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling, and vice versa. To determine allowable working pressure at elevated temperatures, multiply allowable working pressures from Tables 2 throughBend Allowance Chart K factor 0. PENDENT APPROVALS/LISTINGS SIN V2801 V4201 V2708 V3406 Nominal K Factor Imperial 2. Let's calculate the K-factor for a metal sheet having a thickness of 1 \text { mm} 1 mm and bent to an angle of 90^\circ 90∘. Manufacturer: Viking. The K factor formula is K factor = /T. 9 mm), SUS430 (t = 1. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. 0 K-factor (K115) varieties and three temperature ratings, including 280 F (137. Grade 301 Temper ASTM. As a leader in price assessments, CRU releases monthly prices for chrome. Hazen-Williams Coefficient. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. Below is a discussion of several 316 stainless steel characteristics:Find the linear expansion coefficient for steel: 12. Where the neutral axis is situated in a bend is commonly called the “K-Factor” as it is signified as “K” in the development formulas. Example - Linear Expansion. 0 K-factor. 5 Bar), the working pressure limit established by Victaulic for Vic-Press for Schedule 10S systems. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. 33At room temperature, Grade 316 stainless steel also exhibits the following set of properties: Density 99 g/cm 3. 4401, DIN 1. Carbon steel and stainless steel Y strainers are offered in sizes for 1/4" to 10" in pipelines FEATUrES • Heavy Duty Construction • Compact Design • Bolted or Threaded Covers • Standard Stainless Steel Screens OPTIONS • Perforated Stainless Steel Screens - 1/32" to 1/2" • 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 325 and 400 Mesh Stainless. Stainless steel sprinkler joins Viking’s wide selection of corrosion resistant sprinkler options including “Electroless Nickel PTFE” (ENT) plated sprinklers, which are available throughout a significant portion of the Viking sprinkler product line. First, we choose the option to use a gauge table. Cut a blank to a specific length (say 100mm) and measure it as accurately as possible. 36 N in air, wear surfaces are covered by oxide films and fine and thin wear particles of 0. 0 (115) Download Bulletin. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are possible. Swagelok Tube Fittings Up to 1 in . stainless steel end of the tube at 1600°F (871°C) and exits the 5% chromium steel end of the tube at 800°F (427°C). 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. Generic K-factors Aluminum Steel Radius Soft materials Medium materials Hard materials Air bending: 0 to thickness: 0. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16. in feet of straight pipe). Add the potential energy (or elongation) from 10 short wires in series and you get a potential energy (or elongation) identical to that of the long wire. Relative roughness can be expressed as. Take the bend allowance as 2. Specifically, the k-factor value is the neutral axis’ new position after bending, marked “t” in Figure 1, divided by the material thickness (k-factor = t/Mt). Stainless steel is the general name for a family of steels that are corrosion-resistant and contain a minimum of 10. Cold Working. While the sheet metal’s inner surface contracts, the exterior expands. The K-factor is the most popular way of calculating the bend allowance and bend deduction, but there are multiple ways that this calculation can be done. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. Steel: 90: 110 – Galvanized iron: 120: 120: Polyethylene: 140: 140: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 150: 150: Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) 150: 150:Sheet Metal Gauge Chart. 01. Mark a fold line exactly in the center. Silver Fern Stainless is a Victoria-based business specializing in the highest quality stainless steel and aluminum. To help you begin I’ve included a K-Factor Chart below which contains common K-Factor starting points, good for general fabrication, for steel, aluminum and stainless steel. A measure of the ability of a material to allow the flow of heat. The lockwasher serves as a spring while the bolt is being tightened. K-factor (aeronautics), the number of pulses expected for every one volumetric unit of fluid passing through a given flow meter. 50 r/d=0. For example, the UL Listing is based on the requirements of NFPA 13, and the FM Approval isYou can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. 35 K = 0. 5-inch w. . 882 kcal/h m 2 o C - Unit Converter; Note that these coefficients are very rough. The K factor. Wrench. Microform Precision, LLC 4244 South Market Court, Suite A Sacramento, CA 95834 Phone: (916) 419-0580 Fax: (916) 419-0577 Email: [email protected] A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. less steel types are designated by the American Iron and Steel Institute as standard compositions. 24 r/d=0. 5 – 0. e. Temperature Range. 446 in. The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. Stainless Steel: ASME 150#-2500# Flanges-100°C upto 232°C: Degreased / Cleaned: N/A: Red, Blue, Green: ASTM A453 Grade 660 Class B: 232°C upto 325°C: Ceramic Xylar-2: 25µm ±5µm:. Its work hardening rate is extremely high, with each increase in the amount of cold work, the tensile strength and yield strength will increase significantly. [8] Monel alloy 400 is notable for its toughness, which is maintained over a. The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0. 0, 115 metric. 1 \text { mm} 2. How To Use Sheet Metal Flat Length Calculator. Also, it does not account for the temperature or viscosity of the water. 33 K factor 0. Where, Hf = Pressure loss or head loss. become more important for the design of cold-formed stainless steel structural members. Overall heat transfer coefficient (k) is a measure of the resistance to heat flow, made up of the resistances caused by the plate material, amount of foul-ing, nature of the fluids and type of exchanger used. 6% max), chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, etc. The tool can be used for any flow type. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). Steel Hex Locknut Steel Hex Flange Nut Grade C FNL Grade 9 Grade F Grade G Clamp Load (lbs. If it is used, I use k=0. This name refers to the average composition, 18% chromium and 8% nickel. T = 1 \text { mm} T = 1 mm. 6 and 8. The CTE employs reciprocal temperature units (K-1, °F-1, °C-1, etc. Factor 1 sensors are readily available in stainless steel versions rated up to IP69K for high pressure and temperature washdown, so it is likely a version will be available to fit most applications. K-factor Stainless Steel Pendent and Recessed Pendent Sprinklers must be installed in accordance with this section. For SLM, both single melt (SM) and checker board (CB) laser scanning strategies were. Thermal Expansion 9 mm/m/°C. Fn for stainless steel spring steel is approx. K-Factor is the ratio of the neutral axis to the material thickness. Step-3: Value of Bend Deduction and Flat pattern are shown in Result Section. T = K×F×D. The general rule here is this: The softer the material, the tighter the inside radius. 5 throughout the article, so lets focus on entering the other two values correctly. The nozzle has an external deflector that discharges a uniformly filled cone of medium velocity water droplets. MODEL F1 - Stainless Steel H - Bronze MOUNTING Pendent MAXIMUM WORKING 12 bar (175 psi) PRESSURE RECOMMENDED 2. A com plete listing of all AISI stainless steels and a description of each are contained in the AISI publica tion, "Steel Products Manual -Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels, December 197 4. 44 (cr4/hr4) stainless steel 0. 2. So if the thickness of the sheet was a distance of T = 1 mm and the location of the neutral axis was a distance of t = 0. The K-factor is used to calculate flat patterns because it is related to how much material is stretched during bending. K-Factor - A constant determined by dividing the thickness of the sheet by the location of the neutral axis, which is the part of sheet metal that does not change length. If you were to re-use PTFE coated studs, the corrosion-resistant coating on the threads will most likely. K-Factor. 04 Type of Fitting K Value Disk or Wobble Meter 3. The coefficient of friction between mating threads. 40. Our favorite metal for durable and decorative parts. Type 302 stainless steel is basically a higher carbon version of type 304, a variant of 18-8 stainless steel. 2 or later Related Application Notes: For a complete list, click here. Therefore, the bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. MRR = . View Product. A typical value of the K factor varies between . , the temperature difference, ΔT): h = q / (Ts - K) where: q: amount of heat required (Heat Flux), W/m2 i. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. Hazard. q / A = [(17 W/(m K)) / (2 10 -3 m)] (80 o C) = 680000 (W/m 2 ) = 680 (kW/m 2 ) From VDI2230-1 [3], friction coefficient of dry austenitic stainless steel bolt is >= 0. A material with an emissivity value. 2 in. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i. When pressure is measured in kPa, divide the metric K-factor shown by 10. psi (MPa)psi(MPa) % 65,000 448 125,000 862 50 200 Brinell SANDMEYER STEEL COMPANY ONE SANDMEYER LANE • PHILADELPHIA, PA 19116-3598Most values for temperature 25 oC (77 oF). Austenite-martensitic steel, also known as austenitic-maraging stainless steel, is. . Type QL transformers meet DOE 2016 efficiency standards. Under the relatively light load of 0. M Faires). This per-. 7 6061-T6 Aluminum 1/2" between 60-65 41. If a K-factor is 0. 33 in practical use and at my shop they use as small as 0. Various K Factors: Typical Steel Bolt: 0. 1 mil per year were observed on Types 304L and 348 stainless steels and 0. The coefficient. Bends w/Corrugated Inner Radius. Stainless Steel 404. (5. 7709. The centerline of the sprinkler waterway is located 7/16 in. 95) Other K-factors can be provided as optional withoutThe strain hardening exponent (also called the strain hardening index), usually denoted , a constant often used in calculations relating to stress–strain behavior in work hardening. You will need to obtain the friction factor (f) from the Moody chart or use a suitable equation depending on the flow conditions. To specify a stainless steel enclosure for an aluminum-wound transformer, substitute the letter “S” in the fifth character of the GE product number. One item of note: The K factor found in the "Machinists Handbook" (Industrial Press Inc. The bend deduction, sometimes called the bend compensation, describes how much the outside of the sheet has been stretched. Sheet metal thickness is denoted by gauge, sometimes spelled gage, which indicates a standard thickness before processing. Next we use the pull-down menu to select the appropriate table. The Bend allowance is the dimensional amount added to a part through elongation during the bending process. 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. To understand how the nut factor compares to the terms in the long-form equations, let’s consider the so-called Motosh equation: × [ (P/2 ) + (μ/cos ) + (μ = input torque, = fastener preload. 62-Rubber (60 A Belt) Rubber (60 A Belt) . Configure the press or other folding tool with your desired tooling and make a 90 degree fold on the bend line. 15 : Parent topic: Engineer’s Reference. 0015 10 -3 m) / (0. 11 to 0. G. Common values for metals and alloys are in the range of 10 to 30×10 –6 /K (5. Choose Installation Type. Thermal Conductivity - k - is the quantity of heat transmitted due to an unit temperature gradient, in unit time under steady conditions in a direction normal to a surface of the unit area. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. Transition: 5 < u*ε/ν ≤ 70. 2. $ 29. [1] It is a measure of the rate of heat transfer inside a material. 8 mm bend radius has a springback of 0. In general, a material with a large k is a good heat. The linear thermal expansion coefficient is the ratio c hange in length per degree temperature to length. by：East King 2020-08-30. 6–0. DIN 913 Flat Point; DIN 914 Cone Point; DIN 915 Dog Point; DIN 916 / ISO 4029 Cup Point; A2/A4 Stainless Steel; DIN 479-8. 75 degrees of springback. 000013 : Commercial steel (enamel coated) We are going to review three bending scenarios with three different bending angles; 60, 90 and 120, and we will calculate K-Factor, Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction for them. (K-factor). Its carbon content is ≤0. tK = tC + 273. Select an item in Units to set the unit of measurement. Editor: J. I. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that must contain at least 10. Importance of the K-factor in sheet metal design. 0 Nominal K Factor S. 35. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. 17 . The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. sliding (slip between surfaces) where μ s is the coefficient of static friction and μ k is the coefficient of kinetic friction. 5 - 7. Hot working of grade 330 stainless steel can be performed at 1149 to 1177°C (2100 to 2150°F). 17 K = 0. 5 Orientation PENDENT PENDENT. DIN 911 / ISO 2936. For instance if you have a material with an R-value of 12 attached to. 0 K Factor) Technical Data Sheet. Since the friction coefficient - λ - is on both sides of the equation, it must be solved by iteration. Above all, it becomes essential to make sure that you’re shopping for it from an eligible fabricator. 1 bar (30 psi) minimum OPERATING 4. The K-factor is used to determine the length of the metal plate stretched during the bending process. CTE 15. 15 K = 0. 10 -6 ·K -1 = 10 -6 /K. F f = μ N (1). 4 in3/min. Canvas belt, stitched, on steel. 3 to SDR 26), PVC (Schedule 40, 80, and CL100 to CL315), Stainless Steel (Schedule 5s, 10s, 40s), Steel (Schedule 40,80,160) and more. WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive. For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. View Product. 7 W/(m K). Stainless Steel: Water: 120: 680: 1 Btu/ft 2 hr o F = 5. F1 and F1FR Series Conventional Sprinklers. 64-Rubber (60 A Belt). 73-Rubber (60 A Belt) Tool Steel . Concrete (Dry) Rubber. 0015 : 0. Completely rough: u*ε/ν > 70. I. VK Number: VK630. The Bend allowance is the dimensional amount added to a part through elongation during the bending process. 35 K = 0. Absolute Roughness for Common Materials. Hazen-Williams Coefficients Table. The inside depth of a dimple should be no more than the inside radius. 7 C). After bending the sheet, insert the inner radius, and. 0 μm level mostly of Fe 3 O 4 with some of α-Fe 2 O 3, which means. General Properties. upright (ty3151) and pendent (ty3251) 5. The tables below can be used to estimate friction loss or pressure drop for water flowing through ASME/ANSI B36. Food grade anti-seize compounds are manufactured from white oil and include extreme pressure (EP) additives. Stainless steel bolts are formed when the raw materials of nickel, iron ore, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, and others, are melted together. The “K” factor is a power constant that represents the number of cubic inches of metal per minute that can be removed by one horsepower. Defining the Neutral Axis To understand the k-factor,. 15-5 stainless steel is a martensitic, precipitation hardening steel designed for higher strength than 17-4 stainless. Drawn Brass, Copper, Stainless Steel (New) >0. Turbine Wheel (Double-Flow) Meter. 01. The k-factor value signifies how far the neutral axis shifts during bending. The PVC pipe calculation are made with the Online Hazens-Williams Calculator with a roughness coefficient c = 145. The lowest expansion is found in the iron-nickel alloys such as Invar. Includes additional data and reference information carefully selected and adapted. Using the results of this study [9], a unified design equation was developed for the SCFs of SST X-joints. Alloy 409 is a general purpose, chromium, titanium stabilized, ferritic stainless steel whose primary application is automotive exhaust systems. & Yu, W. German / Deutsch. The nozzle is available in brass, stainless steel 316 and aluminium bronze construction. 11 to 0. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. Choose Meter Type EX810/EX820 EX110 EX150 EX210 EX250 IP810/IP820 IP110 IP210 IP150 IP250 TX810/TX820 TX110 TX210 TX150 TX250. 1. 15CO 2 eq. 1 Ω·mm²/m = 1 μΩ·m. Table 8: Sample Torque Calculation with varying K Factor. K-ZSTZ – – 155°F/68°C 175°F/79°C 286°F/141°C 155°F/68°C 286°F/141°C 2 For K-Factor when pressure is measured in Bar, multiply S. The recommended binder pressure for round draws of low-carbon draw-quality steel is 600 pounds per lineal inch around the post (draw post diameter x 3. Where: T = Target Input Torque (ft-lb) This is your input torque from your torque wrench determined by your specified torque. Stainless steel components extend the life of the sprinkler by resisting corrosion from cleaning agents used in commercial food production environments. g. μ = Ff / Fn. F f = frictional force (N, lb). where T is the torque measurement, K is the nut factor, F is the tension and D is the bolt diameter. Overall heat transfer coefficient is expressed as W/m2 °C or kcal/h, m2 °C. For 6 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. k = roughness of duct, pipe or tube surface (m, ft)Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. We want to know the final length of the detail. 33 K factor 0. Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o C and outside temperature is 20 o C . More info. Next we use the pull-down menu to select the appropriate table. 4(28) for iron pipe or equivalent rigid pipe, in Table 402. Deflector. The K-factor is defined as the distribution of the component between the hydrate and the gas ( Carroll, 2014 ): (8. What K Factor. DIN 6912-8. So what is the perfect K Factor for the Mild Steel and Stainless Steel? The “K” factor variation ranging from 0. /25 mm Safe practices and proper installation are imperative to the performance of the Swagelok tube fitting, especially in critical applications. 2 U. The total friction loss for the 10 bends is. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. Copper, Ductile Iron, Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel and Aluminum Piping Materials - Temperature Expansion Thermal expansion of typical piping materials. For copper-woundalloy steel fasteners. 18. For 2 or 3 inches Insulation: multiply by 0. 0) Pendent; Concealed Pendent;316 Stainless Steel, Steel, Brass and Monel® Alloy 400 construction Inline and angle patterns Wide variety of US Customary and SI ports Panel mountable 100% factory tested Optional color coded handles Specifications Pressure Ratings: 316 Stainless Steel: 5000 psig (345 bar) CWP Brass, Steel and Monel® Alloy 400: 3000 psig (207 bar) CWPNote 4: NFPA 13 requires that steel pipe used in a sprinkler or a standpipe system be either Schedule 10 or Schedule 40 pipe. E. Note: TYCO series TY-L 8. If the sheet metal gauge tables hadn’t been already constructed and researched, now would be the time to go away and spend hours trying to find the necessary information to complete the design. K Factor.